Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Pertumbuhan Anak

1. Faktor Keturunan
Keturunan memiliki peranan penting dalam pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak. Ia lahir ke dunia ini membawa berbagai ragam warisan yang berasal dari kedua Ibu-Bapak atau nenek dan kakek. Warisan (turunan atau pembawaan) tersebut yang terpenting, antara lain bentuk tubuh, raut muka, warna kulit, inteligensi, bakat, sifat-sifat atau watak dan penyakit.

 a. Bentuk Tubuh dan Warna Kulit
Salah satu warisan yang dibawa oleh anak sejak lahir adalah mengenai bentuk tubuh dan warna kulit. Misalnya ada anak yang memiliki bentuk tubuh gemuk seperti ibunya, wajah seperti ayahnya, rambut keriting dan berwarna kulit putih seperti ibunya. Bila anak yang berpembawaan gemuk seperti ini, bagaimanapun susah hidupnya nanti, dia sukar menjadi kurus, tetapi sebaliknya sedikit saja ia makan, akan mudah menjadi gemuk. Demikian juga dengan rambut keriting, bagaimanapun berusaha untuk meluruskannya akhirnya akan kembali menjadi keriting.

b. Sifat-Sifat
Sifat-sifat yang dimiliki oleh seseorang adalah salah satu aspek yang diwarisi dari ibu, ayah atau nenek dan kakek. Bermacam-macam sifat yang dimiliki manusia, misalnya: penyabar, pemarah, kikir, pemboros, hemat dan sebagainya.
Sifat-sifat tersebut dibawa manusia sejak lahir. Ada yang dapat dilihat atau diketahui selagi anak masih kecil dan ada pula yang diketahui sesudah ia besar. Misalnya sifat keras (pelawan atau bandel) sudah dapat dilihat sewaktu masih berumur kurang dari satu tahun, sedangkan sifat pemawah baru dapat diketahui setelah anak lanar berbicara, yaitu sekitar 5 tahun.

c. Bakat
Bakat adalah kemampuan khusus yang menonjol di antara berbagai jenis kemampuan yang dimiliki seseorang. Kemampuan khusus itu biasanya berbentuk keterampilan atau suatu bidang ilmu, misalnya kemampuan khusus (bakat) dalam bidang seni musik, seni suara, olahraga, matematika, bahasa, ekonomi, teknik, keguruan, sosial, agama, dan sebagainya. Seseorang umumnya memiliki bakat tertentu yang terdiri dari satu atau lebih kemampuan khusus yang menonjol dari bidang lainnya. Tetapi ada juga yang tidak memiliki bakat sama sekali, artinya dalam semua bidang ilmu dan keterampilan dia lemah. Ada pula sebagian orang memiliki bakat serba ada, artinya hampir semua bidang ilmu dan keterampilan, dia mampu dan menonjol. Ornag seperti itu tergolong istimewa dan sanggup hidup di mana saja.

Bakat (kemampuan khusus) sebagaimana halnya dengan inteligensi merupakan warisan dari orang tua, nenek, kakek dari pihak ibu dan bapak. Warisan dapat dipupuk dan dikembangkan dengan bermacam cara terutama dengan pelatihan dan didukung dana yang memadai. Seseorang yang memiliki bakat tertentu sejak kecilnya, namun tidak memperoleh kesempatan untuk mengembangkannya sebab tidak memiliki dana untuk latihan, maka bakatnya tidak dapat berkembang. Hal seperti ini dikatakan bakat terpendam.

Pada umumnya anak-anak mempunyai bakat dapat diketahui orang tuanya dengan memperhatikan tingkah laku dan kegiatan anaknya sejak dari kecil. Biasanya anak yang memiliki bakat dalam suatu bidang dia akan gemar melakukan atau membicarakan bidang tersebut.

d. Penyakit atau Cacat Tubuh
Beberapa penyakit atau cacat tubuh bisa berasal dari keturunan, seperti penyakit kebutuhan, syaraf dan luka yang sulit kering (darah terus keluar).
Penyakit yang dibawa sejak lahir akan terus mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan jasmani dan rohani anak.

2.Faktor Luar (eksternal)

Lingkungan merupakan faktor yang sangat menentukan tercapai atau tidaknya potensi bawaan. Lingkungan yang cukup baik akan memungkinkan tercapainya potensi bawaan, sedangkan yang kurang baik akan menghambatnya. Lingkungan ini merupakan bio-fisiko-psiko-sosial yang mempengaruhi individu setiap hari, mulai dari konsepsi ssampai akhir hayatnya.

Rodgers Optimis Liverpool Finis di Posisi Empat

Image by: telegraph

You'll Never Walk Alone - Manajer Liverpool Brendan Rodgers menyatakan timnya masih memiliki peluang untuk finis di peringkat empat besar musim ini.

Saat ini The Reds berada di peringkat ketujuh di England Premier League, tertinggal sembilan poin dari Tottenham Hotspur di posisi keempat. Meski jarak terbilang jauh, Rodgers tetap yakin bisa mengejar perolehan poin dari Tottenham Hotspur.

Terlebih lagi, kini performa Liverpoolsemakin menanjak dengan hanya kalah satu kali dari enam laga. Dalam dua pertandingan terakhir Liverpool mampu menahan imbang dua Tim kuat, yaitu Arsenal dan Manchester City.

"Kami tertinggal sembilan poin dari Tottenham. Kami bisa mengejar. Tidak ada pertanyaan untuk itu," ujar Rodgers kepada Sportmole yang dilansir goal seperti dikutip dari tribunnews.

Brendan Rodgers mengaku memiliki sejumlah pertandingan berat. The Kop juga mempunyai rival-rival yang berpeluang besar untuk mengisi posisi itu. Seperti yang Rodgers katakan, performa Liverpool di kandang kian membaik.

"Kami mencetak banyak gol. Pertahanan kami juga kuat. Suasana stadion juga luar biasa. Jadi, kami punya kesempatan yang sesungguhnya," tutur Rodgers seperti dikutip dari tribunnews.

Jimmy Moore's latest NuttyK Update

Yep folks, more lies!   I'll send you to Facebook for this update ;-) , you'll see why in a minute.  Well Jimmy has lost a bit more weight and is now at 240.2 which puts him at the brink of seeing a 23_ on the scale any day now.  This means he's now only 10 lbs over his "goal weight" from 2004.  

However, he has lied once again to his readers when in his blog post he says 

My current weight of 240.2 is the lowest I’ve been since I started this experiment and I’m within a whisker of being back in the 230′s again…something I haven’t seen since 2006. 

Umm.  Not true.  And I'd love to hear the speculation as to why he would lie like this ... repeatedly ... about something he hasn't purged from the internet and of which there is such a clear record!  

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New York Mayor Bloomberg: Gun Control - Yes, Bad Health IT Control - No?

The Mayor of New York, Bloomberg, calls for anti-gun legislation because accidents and unexpected events such as theft or use by a child can happen, even with legally owned guns (I don't think he believes law-abiding citizens who own them for defense or for sport would break the law with them).

Yet the selfsame Mayor uncritically calls for spread of another technology that in its present state is prone to accidents and unintended consequences, and unlike guns, at a level that even the Institute of Medicine has admitted in unknown due to systematic impediments to transparency (see the middle of this post for source).

From a release at MikeBloomberg.com:

Mayor Bloomberg Announces Expansion of Electronic Health Records Result in Major Health Care Improvements
Feb 07, 2013 | NYC.gov

Mayor Bloomberg, Deputy for Health and Human Services Linda I. Gibbs, Health Commissioner Thomas A. Farley today announced that the use of electronic health records has led to better health outcomes for tens of thousands New Yorkers in the critical areas of high blood pressure management, diabetes and tobacco control.

New York City's introduction of electronic health records, which has become a national model, was a result of the Primary Care Information Project, a program that began in 2005 to help medical providers, particularly those with underserved patients, use technology to improve the quality and efficiency of health care. The prompts that electronic health records give doctors, such as signaling a daily dose of aspirin to prevent heart disease or follow up questions for someone who smokes, make a dramatic difference in how aggressively they treat the chronic health conditions of their patients.

Through 3,200 primary care providers serving more than three million New Yorkers with electronic health records, over 96,000 additional patients reduced their high blood pressure, 81,000 patients improved their diabetes management and an additional 58,000 smokers were given assistance and successfully quit. The Mayor made the announcement at the “NYC Celebrates Improved Health Through Technology” event at the New York Institute of Technology where he was joined by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Director Dr. Thomas Frieden, National Coordinator for Health Information Technology Dr. Farzad Mostashari and Director of Health Services Andrea Cohen.

There is no doubt the technology can accomplish such goals.  The IT I authored or spearheaded at major hospitals improved quality of care in areas such as diabetes and asthma care, invasive cardiology, and others.

The release, however, is missing the most important points.

The issue is not whether benefits can accrue from health IT.

The issues are ... at what level of harms in its present state, since the technology is unregulated and unvetted for potential risks, and also - are there simpler and cheaper ways to accomplish these ends, e.g., so that the underserved can get more access to care.

There is no mention of unintended harms, or even concern about harms, in the release - the very same harms mentioned by Joint Commission, FDA, Institute of Medicine (for example see JC, FDA, IOM) and many others.

That qualifies the press release as propaganda.  It is not balanced, almost like an ad for, say, VIOXX.

Apparently, for the Mayor it's OK to have increased risk and innocent victims due to bad health IT (like these and these and these and these, and others I cannot talk about due to case settlements), but not innocent victims of legally owned but stolen guns.

Medicine's tradition for centuries has been "first, do no harm", not "when you have benefits to the many, it's OK to overlook the risks and the roadkill."

We don't tolerate that any more from the likes of Merck, Pfizer, or Medtronic (to name a few examples).

Why does health IT always get special accommodation, as I have frequently asked?

With new federal funding for 2013, NYC REACH is now working to help behavioral health professionals and specialists with high numbers of Medicaid patients adopt and implement electronic health records to continue to improve care across the City.

Let's hope they don't have an Avatar rerun (link) or Contra Costa meltdown (link, link).

Note: this post is not about gun control, a complex issue unto itself, but about medical ethics and hypocrisy. 

-- SS

Feb. 8, 2013 Addendum: 

Prof. Jon Patrick of U. Sydney opines:

I can only say the story is a well crated ANECDOTE.

The pertinent text is this:

Between 2008 and 2011, the number of preventive care services participating doctors provided grew, on average, by about 290%, from 39 services per 100 patients to 113 services per 100 patients – nearly a threefold increase.

Which tells us the only tangible piece of information in that services are increased - where are the figures from the EDs or hospital intakes that show the number of visits for these diseases have gone down?

The other interesting point is the valid claim of better analytics - but they don't say how they were used, if at all:

"Patients served by doctors participating in the program were, for example, reminded to take daily aspirin doses to prevent heart disease or counseled to quit smoking. Electronic Health Records also permit doctors to view data on their entire population of patients, which helps them modify their routine office practices to help all of their patients and then evaluate how well those changes work."

-- SS

Food Reward Friday

This week's lucky "winner"... an unnamed hot dog-laden Pizza Hut monstrosity with tempura shrimp and mayonnaise!

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