TAPAK DARA - Herbal untuk atasi Leukemia

Tapak Dara
(Catharantus roseus (L.) G. Don.)
Sinonim :
Lochnera rosea, Reich. Vinca rosea, Linn. Ammoallis rosea, Small.
Familia :
Apocynaceae


Uraian :
Tapakdara (Catharanthus roseus) banyak dipelihara sebagai tanaman hias. Tapakdara sering dibedakan menurut jenis bunganya, yaitu putih dan merah. Tumbuhan semak tegak yang dapat mencapai ketinggian batang sampai 100 cm ini, sebenarnya merupakan tumbuhan liar yang biasa tumbuh subur di padang atau dipedesaan beriklim tropis. Ciri-ciri tumbuhan Tapakdara : memiliki batang yang berbentuk bulat dengan diameter berukuran kecil, berkayu, beruas dan bercabang serta berambut. Daunnya berbentuk bulat telur, berwarna hijau dan diklasifikasikan berdaun tunggal. Bunganya yang indah menyerupai terompet dengan permukaan berbulu halus. Tapakdara juga memiliki rumah biji yang berbentuk silindris menggantung pada batang. Penyebaran tumbuhan ini melalui biji.

Nama Lokal :Perwinkle (Inggris), Chang Chun Hua (Cina); Keminting Cina, Rumput Jalang (Malaysia); Tapak Dara (Indonesia), Kembang Sari Cina (Jawa); Kembang Tembaga Beureum (Sunda);

Penyakit Yang Dapat Diobati :
Diabetes, Hipertensi, Leukimia, Asma, Bronkhitis, Demam; Radang Perut, Disentri, Kurang darah, Gondong, Bisul, Borok; Luka Bakar, Luka baru, Bengkak;

Pemanfaatan :
1. Diabetes mellitus (sakit gula/kencing manis)
a. Bahan: 10 - 16 lembar daun tapakdara
Cara membuat: direbus dengan 3 gelas air sampai mendidih hingga
tinggal 1 gelas
Cara menggunakan: setelah dingin diminum, diulangi sampai
sembuh.
b. Bahan: 35 - 45 gram daun tapakdara kering, adas pulawaras
Cara membuat: bahan tersebut direbus dengan 3 gelas air sampai
mendidih hingga tinggal 1 gelas
Cara menggunakan: setelah dingin diminum, diulangi sampai
sembuh.
c. Bahan: 3 lembar daun tapakdara, 15 kuntum bunga tapakdara
Cara membuat: direbus dengan 4 gelas air sampai mendidih hingga
tinggal 1,5 gelas
Cara menggunakan: diminum pagi dan sore setelah makan.

2. Hipertensi (tekanan darah tinggi)
a. Bahan: 15 - 20 gram daun tapakdara kering, 10 gram bunga krisan
Cara membuat: direbus dengan 2,5 gelas air sampai mendidih dan
disaring.
Cara menggunakan: diminum tiap sore.
b. Bahan: 7 lembar daun atau bunga tapakdara
Cara membuat: diseduh dengan 1 gelas air dan dibiarkan beberapa
saat dan disaring
Cara menggunakan: diminum menjelang tidur.

3. Leukimia
Bahan: 20-25 gram daun tapakdara kering, adas pulawaras.
Cara membuat: direbus dengan 1 liter air dan disaring.
Cara menggunakan: diminum 2 kali sehari, pagi dan sore.

4. Asma dan bronkhitis
Bahan: 1 potong bonggol akar tapakdara
Cara membuat: direbus dengan 5 gelas air.
Cara menggunakan: diminum 2 kali sehari, pagi dan sore.

5. Demam
Bahan: 1 genggam (12 -20 gram) daun tapakdara, 3 potong batang
dan akar tapakdara
Cara membuat: direbus dengan 4 gelas air sampai mendidih hingga
tinggal 1,5 gelas.
Cara menggunakan: diminum pagi dan sore ditambah gula kelapa.

6. Radang Perut dan disentri
Bahan: 15 - 30 gram daun tapakdara kering
Cara membuat: direbus dengan 3 gelas air sampai mendidih.
Cara menggunakan: diminum pagi dan sore dan ditambah dengan
gula kelapa.

7. Kurang darah
Bahan: 4 putik bunga tapakdara putih.
Cara membuat: direndam dengan 1 gelas air, kemudian ditaruh di luar
rumah semalam.
Cara menggunakan: diminum pagi hari dan dilakukan secara teratur.

8. Tangan gemetar
Bahan: 4 - 7 lembar daun tapakdara
Cara membuat: diseduh dengan 1 gelas air panas dan disaring.
Cara menggunakan: diminum biasa.

9. Gondong, bengkak, bisul dan borok
Bahan: 1 genggam daun tapakdara
Cara membuat: ditumbuk halus.
Cara menggunakan: ditempelkan pada luka bakar.

10. Luka bakar
Bahan: beberapa daun tapak dara, 0,5 genggam beras.
Cara membuat: direndam dengan air, kemudian ditumbuk
bersama-sama sampai halus.
Cara menggunakan: ditempelkan pada luka bakar.

11. Luka baru
Bahan: 2 - 5 lembar daun tapakdara
Cara membuat: dikunyah sampai lembut.
Cara menggunakan: ditempelkan pada luka baru

Komposisi :
Dari akar, batang, daun hingga bunga Tapak dara mengandung unsur-unsur zat kimiawi yang bermanfaat untuk pengobatan. Antara lain vinkristin, vinrosidin, vinblastin dan vinleurosin merupakan kandungan komposisi zat alkaloid dari tapakdara.

TAPAK DARA - Herbal untuk atasi Leukemia

Tapak Dara
(Catharantus roseus (L.) G. Do

Sinonim :
Lochnera rosea, Reich. Vinca rosea, Linn. Ammoallis rosea, Small.
Familia :
Apocynaceae

Uraian :Tapakdara (Catharanthus roseus) banyak dipelihara sebagai tanaman hias. Tapakdara sering dibedakan menurut jenis bunganya, yaitu putih dan merah. Tumbuhan semak tegak yang dapat mencapai ketinggian batang sampai 100 cm ini, sebenarnya merupakan tumbuhan liar yang biasa tumbuh subur di padang atau dipedesaan beriklim tropis. Ciri-ciri tumbuhan Tapakdara : memiliki batang yang berbentuk bulat dengan diameter berukuran kecil, berkayu, beruas dan bercabang serta berambut. Daunnya berbentuk bulat telur, berwarna hijau dan diklasifikasikan berdaun tunggal. Bunganya yang indah menyerupai terompet dengan permukaan berbulu halus. Tapakdara juga memiliki rumah biji yang berbentuk silindris menggantung pada batang.

Penyebaran tumbuhan ini
Nama Lokal :
Perwinkle (Inggris), Chang Chun Hua (Cina); Keminting Cina, Rumput Jalang (Malaysia); Tapak Dara (Indonesia), Kembang Sari Cina (Jawa); Kembang Tembaga Beureum (Sunda);
elalui biji.


Penyakit Yang Dapat Diobati :
Diabetes, Hipertensi, Leukimia, Asma, Bronkhitis, Demam; Radang Perut, Disentri, Kurang darah, Gondong, Bisul, Borok; Luka Bakar, Luka baru, Bengkak;

Pemanfaatan :
1. Diabetes mellitus (sakit gula/kencing manis)
a. Bahan: 10 - 16 lembar daun tapakdara
Cara membuat: direbus dengan 3 gelas air sampai mendidih hingga
tinggal 1 gelas
Cara menggunakan: setelah dingin diminum, diulangi sampai
sembuh.
b. Bahan: 35 - 45 gram daun tapakdara kering, adas pulawaras
Cara membuat: bahan tersebut direbus dengan 3 gelas air sampai
mendidih hingga tinggal 1 gelas
Cara menggunakan: setelah dingin diminum, diulangi sampai
sembuh.
c. Bahan: 3 lembar daun tapakdara, 15 kuntum bunga tapakdara
Cara membuat: direbus dengan 4 gelas air sampai mendidih hingga
tinggal 1,5 gelas
Cara menggunakan: diminum pagi dan sore setelah makan.

2. Hipertensi (tekanan darah tinggi)
a. Bahan: 15 - 20 gram daun tapakdara kering, 10 gram bunga krisan
Cara membuat: direbus dengan 2,5 gelas air sampai mendidih dan
disaring.
Cara menggunakan: diminum tiap sore.
b. Bahan: 7 lembar daun atau bunga tapakdara
Cara membuat: diseduh dengan 1 gelas air dan dibiarkan beberapa
saat dan disaring
Cara menggunakan: diminum menjelang tidur.

3. Leukimia
Bahan: 20-25 gram daun tapakdara kering, adas pulawaras.
Cara membuat: direbus dengan 1 liter air dan disaring.
Cara menggunakan: diminum 2 kali sehari, pagi dan sore.

4. Asma dan bronkhitis
Bahan: 1 potong bonggol akar tapakdara
Cara membuat: direbus dengan 5 gelas air.
Cara menggunakan: diminum 2 kali sehari, pagi dan sore.

5. Demam
Bahan: 1 genggam (12 -20 gram) daun tapakdara, 3 potong batang
dan akar tapakdara
Cara membuat: direbus dengan 4 gelas air sampai mendidih hingga
tinggal 1,5 gelas.
Cara menggunakan: diminum pagi dan sore ditambah gula kelapa.

6. Radang Perut dan disentri
Bahan: 15 - 30 gram daun tapakdara kering
Cara membuat: direbus dengan 3 gelas air sampai mendidih.
Cara menggunakan: diminum pagi dan sore dan ditambah dengan
gula kelapa.

7. Kurang darah
Bahan: 4 putik bunga tapakdara putih.
Cara membuat: direndam dengan 1 gelas air, kemudian ditaruh di luar
rumah semalam.
Cara menggunakan: diminum pagi hari dan dilakukan secara teratur.

8. Tangan gemetar
Bahan: 4 - 7 lembar daun tapakdara
Cara membuat: diseduh dengan 1 gelas air panas dan disaring.
Cara menggunakan: diminum biasa.

9. Gondong, bengkak, bisul dan borok
Bahan: 1 genggam daun tapakdara
Cara membuat: ditumbuk halus.
Cara menggunakan: ditempelkan pada luka bakar.

10. Luka bakar
Bahan: beberapa daun tapak dara, 0,5 genggam beras.
Cara membuat: direndam dengan air, kemudian ditumbuk
bersama-sama sampai halus.
Cara menggunakan: ditempelkan pada luka bakar.

11. Luka baru
Bahan: 2 - 5 lembar daun tapakdara
Cara membuat: dikunyah sampai lembut.
Cara menggunakan: ditempelkan pada luka baru

Komposisi :
Dari akar, batang, daun hingga bunga Tapak dara mengandung unsur-unsur zat kimiawi yang bermanfaat untuk pengobatan. Antara lain vinkristin, vinrosidin, vinblastin dan vinleurosin merupakan kandungan komposisi zat alkaloid dari tapakdara.

Sumber : http://www.iptek.net.id/ind/pd_tanobat/view.php?mnu=2&id=1

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Leptin

I've been puzzled by an interesting question lately. Why is it that certain cultures are able to eat large amounts of carbohydrate and remain healthy, while others suffer from overweight and disease? How do the pre-industrial Kuna and Kitavans maintain their insulin sensitivity while their bodies are being bombarded by an amount of carbohydrate that makes the average American look like a bowling ball?

I read a very interesting post on the Modern Forager yesterday that sent me on a nerd safari through the scientific literature. The paper that inspired the Modern Forager post is a review by Dr. Staffan Lindeberg. In it, he attempts to draw a link between compounds called lectins, found in grains (among other things), and resistance to the hormone leptin. Let's take a step back and go over some background.

One of the most-studied animal models of obesity is called the "Zucker" rat. This rat has a missense mutation in its leptin receptor gene, causing it to be nonfunctional. Leptin is a hormone that signals satiety, or fullness. It's secreted by fat tissue. The more fat tissue an animal has, the more leptin it secretes. Normally, this creates negative feedback that causes it to eat less when fat begins to accumulate, keeping its weight within a narrow range.

Zucker rats secrete leptin just fine, but they lack leptin receptors in their brain. Their blood leptin is high but their brain isn't listening. Thus, the signal to stop eating never gets through and they eat themselves to morbid obesity. Cardiovascular disease and diabetes follow shortly thereafter, unless you remove their visceral fat surgically.

The reason Zucker rats are so interesting is they faithfully reproduce so many features of the disease of civilization in humans. They become obese, hypometabolic, develop insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Basically, severe metabolic syndrome. So here's a rat that shows that leptin resistance can cause something that looks a whole heck of a lot like the disease of civilization in humans.

For this model to be relevant to us, we'd expect that humans with metabolic syndrome should be leptin-resistant. Well what do you know, administering leptin to obese people doesn't cause satiety like it does in thin people. Furthermore, elevated leptin predicts the onset of obesity and metabolic syndrome. It also predicts insulin resistance. Yes, you read that right, leptin resistance may come before insulin resistance.

Interestingly enough, the carbohydrate-loving Kitavans don't get elevated leptin like europeans do, and they don't become overweight, develop insulin dysfunction or the metabolic syndrome either. This all suggests that leptin may be the keystone in the whole disease process, but what accounts for the differences in leptin levels between populations?

Hydration: Attempt Only Under Medical Supervision

I've noticed how the word "hydration" has crept into the popular lexicon in the last decade or so. Before that, we were so primitive, we just "drank water". Now you need a PhD just to put a glass to your lips. I'm not sure I'm qualified!

I've been hearing so many people, including health professionals, tell me to drink 8 glasses of water a day for my entire life. In my middle school health class, I was told by my hydrophilic teacher that I should be urinating every hour and my urine should always be clear. For my whole life, I've thought it was nonsense. Yet the message has reached people. Walk around any college campus and you'll see undergrads faithfully carrying around their endocrine-disrupting plastic-water everywhere they go.

You see, our bodies have this very sophisticated mechanism to ensure water homeostasis. It's called thirst. If we need so much water to be healthy, why aren't we thirsty more often?

I skimmed through a paper today in the Journal of the American Society of Nephrology that reviews the evidence for health benefits from drinking more water than your thirst demands. Their conclusion: there's no evidence to suggest it helps anything. Water is just a nice harmless placebo.

The term "hydration" has helped fuel a whole industry to satisfy our need for hydration technology. Gatorade claims it hydrates better than water. It must be the high-fructose corn syrup and yellow #5... And make sure to bring your "hydration pack" when you go on your 20 minute jog; you might get lost and end up in the Kalahari desert!

I actually think the water craze isn't totally harmless. Drinking large amounts of water with a meal interferes with digestion by diluting digestive enzymes and stomach acid. Drinking a tall beer does the same. Wine is better because it tends to be a smaller volume.

As far as I'm concerned, with minor exceptions, the only thing to drink is water. I'll have an occasional glass of wine, beer or whole raw milk, but 99% of what I drink is good old-fashioned dihydrogen oxide.

The only time I drink a large amount of water without being thirsty is if I'm about to do vigorous exercise or spend time outside in hot weather.

Thanks to Snap for the CC photo.

Low-carb Review Article

The other day, I came across this nice review article from the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. It gives a thorough but accessible overview of the current state of research into carbohydrate-restricted diets, without all the fatophobic mumbo-jumbo. It points out a few "elephants in the room" that the mainstream likes to ignore. First of all, the current approach isn't working:

The persistence of an epidemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes suggests that new nutritional strategies are needed if the epidemic is to be overcome.

They claim that preagricultural diets were low in carbohydrate:

In contrast to current Western diets, the traditional diets of many preagricultural peoples were relatively low in carbohydrate (1, 2). In North America, for example, the traditional diet of many First Nations peoples of Canada before European migration comprised fish, meat, wild plants, and berries. The change in lifestyle of several North American aboriginal populations occurred as recently as the late 1800s, and the numerous ensuing health problems were extensively documented (3-5). Whereas many aspects of lifestyle were altered with modernization, these researchers suspected that the health problems came from the change in nutrition—specifically, the introduction of sugar and flour.

But of course, many of them were very high in carbohydrate, and these cultures seemed in fine health as well.

Carbohydrate reduction leads to a normalization of appetite:

It may also be that the mere lowering of serum insulin concentrations, as is seen with LCDs, may lead to a reduction in appetite. In support of this idea, several studies have found that insulin increases food intake, that foods with high insulin responses are less satiating, and that suppression of insulin with octreotide leads to weight loss (27-29).

I can't believe it; all that fat isn't going to clog my arteries??

Several outpatient diet studies have shown reductions in CVD risk factors after an 8–12-wk LCKD, during weight loss, and during weight maintenance (21, 60-62).

The last paragraph is a zinger:

We emphasize that strategies based on carbohydrate restriction have continued to fulfill their promise in relation to weight loss and that, contrary to early concerns, they have a generally beneficial effect on most markers of CVD, even in the absence of weight loss. In combination with the intuitive and established efficacy in relation to glycemic control in diabetics, some form of LCD may be the preferred choice for weight reduction as well as for general health.