An American Justice System for Food ~ Part I Intro and Carbs in General

The cornerstone of the American justice system:  Innocent until proven guilty.  According to Wikipedia: sometimes referred to by the Latin expression Ei incumbit probatio qui dicit, non qui negat (the burden of proof lies with who declares, not who denies).  I like the first part of that Latin expression and suggest that what is truly needed in nutritional circles is to put the burden of proof on those making claims.  My point here is not a political one, it is not to argue the merits of my country's justice system or its implementation, or anything of the sort.  It is to put forth a suggestion -- that ALL who demonize foods be tasked with proving their charges.   I suggest this because it is darned near impossible to do the opposite especially in the face of baseless charges.  

It is a bit of a stretch, but keep in mind that many of the compounds, such as water, can be toxic at some level of ingestion.  Furthermore, some of the chemical and/or physical properties of many innocuous compounds found in foods can seem quite daunting when taken out of context.   This is an obvious spoof, but hopefully it makes a point.

Now, the vegans and vegetarians and raw and fruitarian crowds are all just as guilty of this, but since I've never been even remotely a part of any of those communities, I'll leave it to someone else to call out their hyperbole, scaremongering and outright disinformation.   I'm also not talking about new non-foods such as artificial sweeteners, chemically modified foods (e.g. hydrogenated fats), non-food chemicals such as preservatives and I'll even throw in GM in with substances that should be considered unsafe until proven otherwise.  

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What is Diabetes?

"the proinsulin disorder in diabetes is not 

only ubiquitous but it is also precocious"

As a second post setting up for future discussions on insulin resistance and it's role in diabetes (especially type 2)  I wanted to share the following paper with you here:

PROINSULIN, PROAMYLIN AND THE BETA CELL ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM: THE KEY FOR THE PATHOGENESIS OF DIFFERENT DIABETES PHENOTYPES

It is a long paper, almost 18 full pages of text, and more than 9 to list the 298 (yikes!) references. I will by no means attempt to address it in its entirety here, rather I shall focus on the section entitled "INCREASED PROINSULIN AS THE MAIN BETA CELL SECRETORY DEFECT".  But first, the abstract of this 2007 paper:

Based on our clinical and epidemiological data, we have sustained for a long time the unitary character of the various phenotypes of the diabetic syndrome. In this paper, we add several arguments sustaining that the unitary character of diabetes is related to a common primary defect in the function of the beta cell endoplasmic reticulum, leading to an inadequate processing of the two main secretory molecules: pre-proinsulin and pre-proamylin. The post-translational changes of these molecules might explain the main proapoptotic and anti-regenerative pathogenic mechanisms leading to a progressive decrease in the β cell mass/function. In our view, the increased proinsulin levels encountered in various diabetes phenotypes could be not only a marker of beta cell dysfunction but also could indicate the main β cell defect, suggesting also its location.

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How a β-cell Works

In the next day or few, I'm going to be discussing diabetes. What it is, and what the science says causes it -- at least to the current state of knowledge and understanding.  This will serve as a prelude to  a larger discussion on hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of Type 2 diabetes.   Diabetes is β-cell dysfunction. Period. This does not mean that other organs and the organism as a whole are not involved in this dysfunction developing, but diabetes is, ultimately, an insulin deficiency syndrome.   If that sounds "off" because of the hyperinsulinemia associated with T2, stay tuned!

So I'm going to cobble together a few sources to introduce (or reintroduce) some terminology and basics of  β-cell function that will be used in future posts on this.  

Molecular Formation of Insulin

On a molecular level, the final product, insulin, starts out as preproinsulin, is converted to proinsulin and then finally to the insulin.  This is shown schematically below:

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The problem with (NOT) giving medical advice in the Incestral Health Community

Just about every major blogger and guru in the IHC has a lengthy medical disclaimer page.  They are not providing medical advice on the internet because if they are an MD it's illegal (my understanding of the law, feel free to correct me if I'm wrong here),  and if they are not, it's illegal to practice without a license.  Same goes for nutritional advice and all that.  

Right after the medical disclaimer, where you've usually been given the "I have no special training in what I'm about to convey" spiel, or, the flipside, the disclaimer is signed with a name and a litany of letters after it.  And from time to time, you get nothing more than a telling of someone's story on how they cured themselves.  The IHC is big on this.  One of the more recent trends in the IHC is the promotion of ketogenic diets for curing cancer.  I consider this to be wholly irresponsible unless there is a focus on using the diet in conjunction with medical therapies that have been proven effective.  I don't see enough of that in this community, rather too much of the opposite of doctor bashing.  

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